Urban three-dimensional expansion and its driving forces —A case study of Shanghai, China   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Longyu Shi  Guofan Shao  Shenghui Cui  Xuanqi Li  Tao Lin  Kai Yin  Jingzhu Zhao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):291-298

Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase, and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization. Taking Shanghai as an example, the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city’s vertical and horizontal increases respectively, and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion. The research drew following conclusions: 1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature, and could be divided into three stages: vertical expansion in dominance, coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion, and horizontal expansion in dominance. 2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs, but the changing speed of the latter was faster. And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city’s horizontal expansion, while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion. Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city’s political factors.  相似文献   

Polynomial expansions in likelihoods for spatial data: A case study     

A. J. Watkins  P. Heatley 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(8):987-999

This paper illustrates the computational benefits of polynomial representations for quantities in the likelihood function for the spatial linear model based on the power covariance scheme. These benefits include a comprehensive study of likelihoods and maximum likelihood estimators for data. For simplicity, we focus on a relatively simple covariance scheme and data observed at equal intervals along a transect; we briefly indicate how generalizations to more complicated covariance functions and higher dimensions will operate.  相似文献   

Dynamic response of soft poroelastic bed to linear water waves—a boundary layer correction approach     

Ping‐Cheng Hsieh  Liang‐Hsiung Huang  Tsan‐Wen Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(7):651-674

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Optical Spectroscopy of Comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) at the Guillermo Harro Astrophysical Observatory in Mexico     

Churyumov  Klim I.  Luk'yanyk  Igor V.  Berezhnoi  Alexei A.  Chavushyan  Vahram H.  Sandoval  Lourdes S.  Palma  Alejandro A. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):361-368

We present a preliminary analysis of medium resolution optical spectra of comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) obtained on 22 November 2001. Theemission lines of the molecules C₂, C₃, CN, NH₂,H₂O⁺ and presumably CO (Asundi and triplet bands) and C₂ ^-were identified in these spectra. By analysing the brightnessdistributions of the C₂, C₃, CN emission lines along theslit of the spectrograph we determined some physical parameters of theseneutrals, such as their lifetimes and expansion velocities inthe coma. The Franck–Condon factors for the CO Asundi bands and C₂ ^- bands were calculated using a Morse potential model.  相似文献   

资源枯竭型城市空间扩展进程研究——以淮北市为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张志赟  刘辉  杨义炜 《地理研究》2018,37(1):183-198

城市空间扩展是衡量新型城镇化背景下城市化进程的重要指标之一,对于研究资源枯竭型城市的可持续发展也有重要的意义。以遥感影像为基础,结合ArcGIS和Matlab软件实现建成区范围的自动提取;选取城市化强度、重心和紧凑度等指标,分析资源枯竭型城市空间扩展的时空特征;结合研究区实际情况和部分统计数据探讨了城市空间扩展驱动机制。结果表明：1992-2016年,淮北市建成区面积由13.64 km²增加到130.19 km²,净增8.54倍。城市化强度水平处于中等程度,城市扩展强度处于较高的水平,城市土地利用集约程度不高;重心总体呈现出东偏的姿态,建成区用地紧凑度逐渐下降。经济及人口、政府决策、交通水平和采煤塌陷区分别是研究区城市空间扩展的驱动机制、引导机制、内生机制和限制机制。  相似文献   

基于重心-GTWR模型的京津冀城市群城镇扩展格局与驱动力多维解析   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

王海军  张彬  刘耀林  刘艳芳  徐姗  邓羽  赵雲泰  陈宇琛  洪松 《地理学报》2018,73(6):1076-1092

城镇用地扩展格局及驱动力研究对城市群发展规划与决策具有重要意义。以京津冀地区为例,基于城镇用地扩展强度指数、城镇用地扩展差异指数、分形维数、土地城镇化率和重心转移模型,多维解析了城市群城镇用地扩展格局特征,并耦合重心转移模型和时空地理加权回归（GTWR）模型构建重心-GTWR模型,在对空间格局进行长时间序列多维度指标分析的基础上,运用该模型依序对其特征进行驱动力解读,进而总结凝练京津冀区域发展的主导模式与城市核心驱动力。主要结论为：① 1990-2015年,京津冀城市群城镇用地扩展强度呈现“下降-上升-下降”的趋势,高峰时期在2005-2010年,在2005年之前高速发展城市集中在北京、天津、保定和廊坊,2005年之后集中在邢台和邯郸;② 城市群城镇用地重心虽呈现出发散态势,但城市之间的局部相互作用力逐渐增强,城镇用地扩展驱动力表现出空间溢出特征;③ 京津冀城市群空间发展模式由以北京和天津为中心的双核发展模式向多核发展模式转变,并出现北部资源运输核心、中部经济发展核心和南部投资发展核心三大功能核心组团,城市群趋向于多核功能协同发展模式;④ 重心-GTWR模型结合了时空非平稳性和城市空间相互作用,将城市群城镇用地扩展作为一个时空变化系统进行分析,经验证,该模型在城镇用地扩展格局驱动力分析研究中具有可行性。  相似文献   

基于遥感数据的伊宁市城市扩展及其驱动力分析          下载免费PDF全文

安尼瓦尔·阿布都热依木  阿里木江·卡斯木  塔世根·加帕尔  买尔哈巴·买买提汗  多斯波力·哈力木别克 《干旱区地理》2018,41(1):109-118

以新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州直属市-伊宁市为例,以1990-2015年的 Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像为数据来源,采用最大似然法提取土地利用信息,通过城市用地扩展的变化分析、城市土地利用的动态度分析、城市用地的转移特征分析、转移矩阵特征分析、土地利用变化率分析、单一土地利用动态度分析等方法,对伊宁市城市信息和城市扩展及其驱动力进行回归分析和相关性分析。结果表明：（1）1990-2015年间建设用地扩展速率和扩展强度的变化趋势基本一致,最大值分别为7.85%、18.64%,出现在2000-2005年间。（2）研究期间建设用地重心总体上向西北方向转移2 087.79 m。（3）建设用地扩展空间主要来自于耕地、未利用地、林地。（4）经济发展、人口增长是伊宁市建设用地扩展的主要驱动因子,两个因素的相关性达到0.988和0.996。本项研究成果为更准确、更快捷地掌握伊宁市城市扩展变化的规律、合理布局城市改造及其未来发展方向提供客观的科学依据。  相似文献   

基于遥感数据的建三江垦区城镇用地扩张时空特征及驱动力分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

冯浩城  杨青山 《地理科学》2017,37(8):1178-1185

在RS和GIS的支持下集成多源数据,重建了建三江垦区下辖农场1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年4个时期的城镇用地格局。应用动态度模型等探讨了建三江垦区城镇用地扩张的时空特征及区域差异,分析了其驱动因素。结果表明：① 1990~2015年,建三江垦区城镇用地面积增加了3 237.5 hm²,平均扩张速率为130 hm²/a,扩张速率最显著的阶段是2000~2010年。② 垦区下辖农场城镇用地扩张时空差异明显,建三江管局所在城镇扩张面积最大;浓江农场扩张相对比例最大;动态度模型分析发现二道河农场扩张速度最快,勤得利农场的城镇用地扩张速率最慢,扩张面积最小。③ 建三江垦区以农场为城镇单元的建设用地扩张模式主要为线性轴状扩张。④ 城镇人口数量、经济水平的不断提升、产业结构的优化与区域政策极大地促进了垦区城镇用地的扩张,交通条件是城镇扩张速率和模式的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

Evolution and changes of permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Late Quaternary     

XiaoLi Chang  HuiJun Jin  RuiXia He  LanZhi L&#;  Stuart A. Harris 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(1):1-19

Due to the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP), the cryosphere gradually developed on the higher mountain summits after the Neocene, becoming widespread during the Late Quaternary. During this time, permafrost on the QTP experienced repeated expansion and degradation. Based on the remains and cross-correlation with other proxy records such as those from glacial landforms, ice-core and paleogeography, the evolution and changes of permafrost and environmental changes on the QTP during the past 150,000 years were deduced and are presented in this paper. At least four obvious cycles of the extensive and intensive development, expansion and decay of permafrost occurred during the periods of 150–130, 80–50, 30–14 and after 10.8 ka B.P.. During the Holocene, fluctuating climatic environments affected the permafrost on the QTP, and the peripheral mountains experienced six periods of discernible permafrost changes:(1) Stable development of permafrost in the early Holocene(10.8 to 8.5–7.0 ka B.P.);(2) Intensive permafrost degradation during the Holocene Megathermal Period(HMP, from 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka B.P.);(3) Permafrost expansion during the early Neoglacial period(ca. 4,000–3,000 to 1,000 a B.P.);(4) Relative degradation during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP, from 1,000 to 500 a B.P.);(5) Expansion of permafrost during the Little Ice Age(LIA, from 500 to 100 a B.P.);(6) Observed and predicted degradation of permafrost during the 20 th and 21 st century. Each period differed greatly in paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and permafrost distribution, thickness, areal extent, and ground temperatures, as well as in the development of periglacial phenomena. Statistically, closer dating of the onset permafrost formation, more identification of permafrost remains with richer proxy information about paleoenvironment, and more dating information enable higher resolution for paleo-permafrost reconstruction. Based on the scenarios of persistent climate warming of 2.2～2.6 °C in the next 50 years, and in combination of the monitored trends of climate and permafrost changes, and model predictions suggest an accelerated regional degradation of plateau permafrost. Therefore, during the first half of the 21 st century, profound changes in the stability of alpine ecosystems and hydro(geo)logical environments in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers may occur. The foundation stability of key engineering infrastructures and sustainable economic development in cold regions on the QTP may be affected.  相似文献   

Laboratory investigations of the thermal strain of frozen soils, using fiber-optic strain gauges based on Bragg gratings     

Aleksey Marchenko  Nicolai Vasiliev  Artem Nesterov  Yuri Kondrashov  Nikolay Belyaev 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(3):192-196

Measurements of the thermal deformations of frozen soil samples were performed in the cold laboratory in temperature range from 0°C to-12°C.Fiber Bragg Gratings strain and temperature sensors were used to measure the deformation and temperature inside the samples.A number of tests with the samples prepared from Kaolin and Cambrian clay saturated with fresh water,and prepared from fine and silt sand saturated with fresh or saline water,are performed.Thermal deformations of the samples are analyzed depending on the cyclic changes of their temperature.  相似文献